时间:2022-06-07 点击: 389次
江苏专转本英语知识点汇总
介词短语的语法功能
介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
1、作定语：The book on the table is mine.
This is his reply to your letter. 这是他给你的回信。
This is the best way of doing it. 这是做此事最好的方法。
2、作状语：We have breakfast at seven.(表时间);
They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因);
They started the machine by pressing the button.(表方法)
Don’t touch it with your hands. 别用手去摸它。
Did you do this by design or by accident? 你这样做是有意的还是无意的?
3、作表语：My dictionary is in the bag.
4、作宾语补足语：I found him in the office.
I found everything in good condition. 我发现一切正常。
Her illness kept her in bed for a week. 她因生病在床上躺了一星期。
易混淆介词区别
1. 表示地点位置的介词
1) at ,in, on, to
at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近，旁边”
in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。
on 表示毗邻，接壤
to 表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤
He arrived at the station at ten.
He is sitting at the desk.
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
Jiangsu lies in the east of China.
Russia lies on the north of China.
Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.
2) above, over, on 在……上
above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below 相对;
over 指垂直的上方,与 under 相对,但 over 与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。
on 表示某物体上面并与之接触。
The bird is flying above my head.
There is a bridge over the river.
He put his watch on the desk.
3) below, under 在……下面
under 表示在…正下方
below 表示在……下，不一定在正下方
There is a cat under the table.
Please write your name below the line
2. 表示时间的介词
1) in , on，at 在……时
in 表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。
如 in the 20 th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in one’s life , in one’s thirties 等。
on 表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。
如 on May 1 st , on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon 等。
at 表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。
如 at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。
注意：在 last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day.
2) in, after 在……之后
“in +一段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后;
“after+一段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后;
“after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后。
3) from, since 自从……
from 仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久;
since 表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。
He studied the piano from the age of three.
They have lived here since 1978.
4) after, behind 在……之后
after 主要用于表示时间;
behind 主要用于表示位置。
We shall leave after lunch.
Lucy is hiding behind an old house.
3. 表运动方向的介词：across, through 通过，穿过
across 表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与 on 有关;
through 穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与 in 有关;
She swam across the river.
He walked through the forest.
4. 表示 “ 在 …… 之间 ” 的介词：between, among
between 指在两个人或两个事物之间;
among 指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。
There is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the playground.
The teacher is standing among the students.
注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于 between。
如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用 between。
如：The little valley lies between high mountains.。在谈事物间的差别时，总是用 between。
如：They don’t know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.
5. 表示其他意义的介词
1) on ,about 关于
on ：表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人
about: 表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。
2 ) by, with, in :表示方法、手段、工具
with : 表示用 …工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段;
in : 表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等;
3) except, besides 除了
except 除……之外，不包括在内;
besides 除……之外，包括在内。
Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)
Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)
